Introduction to Java

Introduction. Our objective in this part is to persuade you that written work a PC project is less demanding than composing a bit of content, for example, a section or an article. In this part, we take you through these building squares, kick you off on programming in Java, and study an assortment of intriguing projects.
1.1 Elements of Programming instructs you on how to create, compile, and execute a Java program on your system.
1.2 Built-in Types of Data describes Java's built-in data types for manipulating strings, integers, real numbers, and booleans.
1.3 Conditionals and Loops introduces Java structures for control flow, including if-else statements, while loops, and for loops.
1.4 Arrays considers a data structure known as the array for organizing large quantities of data.
1.5 Input and Output extends the set of input and output abstractions (command-line arguments and standard output) to include standard input, standard drawing, and standard audio.
1.6 Random Web Surfer presents a case study that models the behavior of a web surfer using a Markov chain.

• Why Java? 

       The answer is that Java enables users to develop and deploy applications on the Internet for servers, desktop computers, and small hand-held devices. The future of computing is being profoundly influenced by the Internet, and Java promises to remain a big part of that future. Java is the Internet programming language.

1.   Java is a general purpose programming language
2.   Java is the Internet programming language

Java, Web, and Beyond

•   Java can be used to develop Web applications
•  Java Applets
•  Java Servlets and Java Server Pages
•  Java can also be used to develop applications for hand-held devices such as Palm cell phones

Java’s History

• James Gosling and Sun Microsystems
•  Oak
•  Java, May 20, 1995
•  Hot Java : The first Java-enabled Web browser

Characteristics of Java

JAVA : A simple, object-oriented, distributed, interpreted, robust, secure, architecture neutral, potable, high-performance, multithreaded, dynamic language

• Java is simple

Java is partially modeled on C++, but greatly simplified and improved. Some people refer to Java as "C++" because it is like C++ but with more functionality and fewer negative aspects.

• Java is Object-oriented

Java is inherently object-oriented. Although many object-oriented languages began strictly as procedural languages, Java was designed from the start to be object-oriented. Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a popular programming approach that is replacing traditional procedural programming techniques.
One of the central issues in software development is how to reuse code. Object-oriented programming provides great flexibility, modularity, clarity, and reusability through encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Java is Distributed

Distributed computing involves several computers working together on a network. Java is designed to make distributed computing easy. Since networking capability is inherently integrated into Java, writing network programs is like sending and receiving data to and from a file.

• Java is Interpreted

You need an interpreter to run Java programs. The programs are compiled into the Java Virtual Machine code called bytecode. The bytecode is machineindependent and can run on any machine that has a Java interpreter, which is part of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

• Java is Robust

Java compilers can detect many problems that would first show up at execution time in other languages. Java has eliminated certain types of error-prone programming constructs found in other languages. Java has a runtime exception-handling feature to provide programming support for robustness.

• Java is Secure

Java implements several security mechanisms to protect your system against harm caused by stray programs.

• Java is Architecture-Neutral : Write once, run anywhere

With a Java Virtual Machine (JVM), you can write one program that will run on any platform.

• Java is Portable

Because Java is architecture neutral, Java programs are portable. They can be run on any platform without being recompiled.

• Java is High-Performance

Java’s performance Because Java is architecture neutral, Java programs are portable. They can be run on any platform without being recompiled.

• Java is Multithreaded

Multithread programming is smoothly integrated in Java, whereas in other languages you have to call procedures specific to the operating system to enable multithreading.

• Java is Dynamic

Java was designed to adapt to an evolving environment. New code can be loaded on the fly without recompilation. There is no need for developers to create, and for users to install, major new software versions. New features can be incorporated transparently as needed.